Georgia’s educational system has been a fundamental pillar in the country’s development, and recent reforms and strategic actions continue to focus on improving accessibility, quality, and sustainability at every level.
The modern Georgian state, since regaining independence in 1991 from the Soviet Union, has undergone profound transformations to establish itself as a democratic republic. The 1995 constitution emphasizes decentralization, granting local governments significant authority over areas such as education and culture.
Georgia’s education system is multi-tiered, encompassing several levels. These include early and preschool education and care, which covers early years education and care (0-2 ages) and preschool education and care (from 3 up to the last year of the school readiness program), general education (primary, basic, and secondary education), vocational education and training (VET), and higher education.
The funding mechanisms for education in Georgia are structured through a comprehensive framework of laws and strategic policies designed to ensure financial sustainability, inclusivity, and fair distribution of resources across all educational levels.
Georgia’s Early and Preschool Education and Care System is a comprehensive framework designed to support children from birth until they enter primary school. This system, governed by the Law of Georgia on Early and Preschool Education and Care, ensures universal accessibility to and the development and quality assurance of early and preschool education in Georgia.
General education in Georgia is a foundational level of compulsory education designed to provide a comprehensive and progressive learning experience through its general education framework, which spans 12 years and is divided into three levels.
Georgian general education system includes secondary education (grades 11–12), which serves as the final stage of the system. All aspects of secondary education, including its structure, curriculum, assessment, and progression, are fully addressed in Chapter “Primary Education”
The higher education system in Georgia has undergone significant reforms over the past two decades, aimed at aligning with European standards and enhancing the quality, accessibility, and international competitiveness of its educational offerings.
Georgia has established a structured adult education and training framework, integrating formal and non-formal learning into its broader lifelong learning system. The Law on Vocational Education[1] adopted in 2018, facilitates adult participation in formal vocational education and recognizes non-formal education as a valid component of lifelong education.
This chapter provides a thematic and chronological overview of national reforms and policy developments since 2021.
Legal Documents.